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Explore clear definitions, everyday examples and lesson contexts.
Showing 12 of 21 matching terms
The last price recorded before a chosen cut-off time, often 00:00 UTC. It is a charting convention, not a moment when the market actually stops.
Example: A supermarket can remain open after you total the day's sales at midnight. Crypto trading can continue after a chart provider takes its daily closing observation.
A prewritten daily control or pause rule defined against a stated account measure, including how open results and costs are treated.
Example: In a hypothetical demo plan, a learner stops new actions when the day’s defined loss threshold is reached.
Keep in mind: A pause rule does not guarantee existing positions cannot lose more or prevent gaps and slippage.
A stream or record of information supplied by a particular source, with its own coverage, timing and measurement conventions.
Example: A thermometer at one location provides one local record, not every temperature across a city.
Keep in mind: Two feeds can legitimately differ; document the source and price basis.
The difference between a reported value and a specified forecast saved beforehand, using the same measure, period and units.
Example: A hypothetical actual of 3.2% minus a saved forecast of 3.0% is +0.2 percentage point.
Keep in mind: A positive numerical surprise does not mean the currency must rise or that the release alone caused a price move.
A holding-style label generally involving closure within a defined trading day or session.
Example: A hypothetical rule requires no open position after its stated session boundary.
Keep in mind: Define the actual boundary and timezone; the name alone does not guarantee positions were closed.
A seasonal local-clock adjustment used in some places. It can change the UTC time of a financial centre’s usual local working hours.
Example: A shop still opens at 09:00 local time, but that opening can correspond to a different UTC time after a clock change.
Keep in mind: Different places can change clocks on different dates or not change them at all.
A participant that trades as a counterparty on its own account, rather than only arranging a transaction for someone else.
Example: A currency shop that buys your currency and sells its own currency illustrates a dealer role.
Keep in mind: Read the actual agreement; a platform’s marketing label may not explain its legal role.
A way a provider handles customer transactions, often within a dealer or market-making business. Its precise responsibilities and conflicts depend on the arrangement.
Example: A shop quotes buying and selling prices and decides how to manage the inventory created by customer orders.
Keep in mind: The label is not by itself proof of honest or dishonest conduct.
Control or operation distributed among participants rather than concentrated in one central authority. The degree varies: examine who can validate, upgrade, pause or otherwise influence the system.
Example: A neighbourhood group may share routine decisions while one organiser keeps the power to change the rules. Examine the actual powers rather than accepting a distributed label at face value.
A trading application using blockchain contracts to coordinate swaps or orders. Custody, permissions and execution designs vary; AMMs are one design rather than the definition of every DEX.
Example: A learner compares a pool based swap with an order matching system. Both may use contracts while providing different execution arrangements.
Keep in mind: A DEX label does not establish complete decentralisation or freedom from risk.
Financial applications that use blockchain smart contracts for activities such as swapping or lending. Some retain administrators, upgrade powers or dependencies on companies and outside data.
Example: A self service payment machine carries out written instructions, but someone may still maintain or pause it. A DeFi application also needs a review of code, permissions and outside dependencies.
A dated record of each decision you make, written at the time, including your reasons, the information you had, how you felt and what you expected, with the outcome added later in a separate field.
Example: Before a purchase, you record the price, reasons and alternatives. Later you add what happened without rewriting the earlier reasoning. A market journal uses the same separation.
A dated record of the information, rule version, reasoning, action or decision to skip, assumptions and later outcome of a case.
Example: A learner writes why they skipped a demo entry before knowing what the chart did later.
Keep in mind: Keep original entries and append dated corrections; screenshots alone are not a complete journal.
A practice account that uses simulated money to rehearse platform controls and market decisions without placing those practice funds at risk.
Example: A learner practises entering and cancelling an order before using any real money.
Keep in mind: Demo fills, costs and emotional pressure may differ from live conditions.
A number showing how hard it currently is to find a valid block, compared with the easiest possible block. Higher difficulty means a lower target.
Example: Imagine a game accepting only a narrower set of ticket numbers. A winning ticket becomes less likely per attempt. This illustrates Bitcoin's changing proof of work difficulty.
Cryptographic data that can be checked against a message and public key to verify signing with the matching private key. It does not by itself prove the rightful owner understood or willingly approved the request.
Example: A valid approval made with a stolen office signing stamp would not prove the manager wanted the purchase. A valid cryptographic signature also cannot establish informed human consent by itself.
A disagreement between corresponding selected price swings and indicator swings under an explicitly named comparison rule.
Example: Two fictional price highs rise from 10 to 12 while their associated oscillator highs fall from 70 to 65.
Keep in mind: The observations must correspond; disagreement does not guarantee a trend reversal.
Investing a fixed amount at regular intervals, regardless of price. Investor.gov, the US Securities and Exchange Commission's education site, describes it as buying more when the price is low and less when it is high. In the UK it is often called pound-cost averaging.
Example: In an invented practice record, a learner allocates GBP 40 each month. GBP 40 buys more units at GBP 2 than at GBP 4. Regular purchases still can lose value.
An attempt to use the same digital funds in conflicting payments. In Bitcoin, two transactions may try to spend the same earlier output; the agreed chain must not accept both as valid spends of that output.
Example: A copied gift voucher should not pay for two independent purchases. Bitcoin's rules aim to prevent two conflicting spends of the same output from both being accepted in the agreed chain.
The fall from a previous peak to a later low, written as a percentage of the peak.
Example: An example holding rises to EUR 200 and later falls to EUR 150. The decline is EUR 50, or 25% of the earlier peak; this differs from its return since purchase.
A decline from a previous high to a later value in a consistently defined account series, such as balance or equity.
Example: An invented account series falls from a 100-unit peak to 80: a 20-unit decline, or 20% of that peak.
Keep in mind: Balance-only and equity drawdown can differ; neither is automatically the sum of every losing trade.