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Explore clear definitions, everyday examples and lesson contexts.
Showing 12 of 45 matching terms
The portion of a conventional candlestick between its open and close.
Example: If an invented interval opens at 10 and closes at 12, the body spans those two prices.
Keep in mind: Body length is not the same as the full high-to-low range.
A chart display of an interval’s open, high, low and close using a body and wicks.
Example: A compact chart shape shows the first and last recorded prices and the interval’s extremes.
Keep in mind: Colour settings differ; a candle is a summary, not a record of every transaction.
A classification of one or several candle shapes under stated body, wick and context rules.
Example: A nearly equal open and close may be called a doji under a written tolerance rule.
Keep in mind: The label does not reveal every intrabar event or establish the next move’s probability.
An approach seeking a return difference by financing in one currency and holding exposure to another currency or asset, under stated obligations.
Example: A fictional example borrows in a lower-rate currency and holds a higher-yielding foreign exposure, while still owing the funding.
Keep in mind: Exchange-rate or asset losses, charges and funding changes can outweigh the favourable rate difference.
Reduction or closure of carry-related positions, potentially including sale of held exposure and repayment or reduction of funding.
Example: A borrower sells some foreign exposure and reduces the borrowing used to finance it.
Keep in mind: Scale, motives and timing may remain uncertain; a crowded-position claim does not prove an imminent reversal.
A public institution with responsibilities such as monetary policy and, depending on its mandate, currency issuance or other financial-system functions.
Example: A central bank can announce a policy-rate decision; it is not the same kind of service as a neighbourhood currency shop.
Keep in mind: Responsibilities differ by country, and a policy announcement does not fix the next market price.
A crypto trading service managed by a central operator. Many hold customer funds and match buy and sell orders. When the service holds the signing keys, the customer relies on its custody and withdrawal arrangements; check the actual service model.
Example: Leaving an item in a company's storage facility gives that company control over release. An exchange balance similarly depends on the company allowing withdrawals; it is different from holding the signing keys yourself.
A classification of a price arrangement spanning multiple observations under a stated selection, confirmation and failure rule.
Example: Two similar highs may be a double-top candidate, but a chosen confirmation condition still needs to be tested.
Keep in mind: A shape that looks familiar is not automatically a confirmed pattern or a profitable setup.
Changing or adding an action because a price move has already happened and you feel pressure not to miss out, rather than following the written entry rules.
Example: A learner sees the bus leaving and rushes without checking whether it is the right route; the analogy illustrates urgency replacing a check.
Keep in mind: A later eligible action is not automatically chasing; compare the decision with its actual rule and information.
The data provider's best estimate of how many tokens are available to the public and trading now. Locked tokens, unvested team and investor allocations and project treasuries are usually excluded.
Example: A bakery has made 1,000 vouchers but keeps 300 locked for staff. A public supply estimate may exclude those 300. Check the data provider's rule rather than assuming every voucher is available.
Customer funds held by a financial firm. Applicable handling or segregation arrangements depend on the service and governing rules.
Example: A business keeping customer funds separate from its own operating money illustrates the purpose of segregation.
Keep in mind: Segregation, compensation and negative-balance protection are different safeguards; none should be assumed from a slogan.
Malware that monitors copied information and may replace a recognised crypto address with an attacker-controlled address before you paste it.
Example: You copy your cousin's delivery address, but a malicious program replaces it before you paste. Compare the full destination with a trusted source before confirming a crypto transfer.
A scam that imitates a genuine financial firm, for example by copying its name, registration details or website while using different contact details.
Example: A message copies a real company logo but asks you to contact a different phone number.
Keep in mind: A copied licence number is not proof that you are speaking to the genuine firm.
A recurring tendency in how people select, remember or interpret information, which can push a decision away from what the evidence supports without the person intending to be careless.
Example: You remember the two occasions when a shortcut saved time but forget the five when it delayed you. Keeping a dated record helps you test the impression against the whole sample.
The native asset of a blockchain, built into its rules. It usually pays transaction fees and rewards the people who secure the network. Bitcoin (BTC) and ether (ETH) are coins.
Example: BTC is native to Bitcoin and ETH is native to Ethereum. A token using Ethereum is different from ETH, just as a shop voucher differs from the national currency used to pay fees.
A wallet arrangement that keeps private signing keys offline. A hardware wallet can sign inside its device while connected to an online computer, without exposing those keys to that computer.
Example: A signing device can approve a transaction internally while a connected laptop broadcasts it. The secret stays in the device, but a misleading request or compromised backup can still cause loss.
The account’s positions considered together, including their quantities, currency directions and scenario assumptions.
Example: Two different pair names may both involve selling the same currency, creating a shared direction.
Keep in mind: Different names do not automatically provide diversification; costs, size and conversion also matter.
A separately stated charge for arranging or executing a transaction. Its amount and when it applies depend on the provider’s terms.
Example: A service lists a 1-unit transaction fee separately from the quoted conversion prices.
Keep in mind: Commission-free does not necessarily mean cost-free.
COT: CFTC reports describing specified positions in covered futures and options-on-futures markets under their report formats and classifications.
Example: A learner records the report’s position date separately from when it became publicly available.
Keep in mind: It is not a complete current map of global spot Forex; verify report type, categories and publication schedule.
The share of your total holdings that depends on a single asset, provider or risk. High concentration means one failure can cause most of your loss.
Example: If every saved holiday booking is with one company, that company's failure affects the entire trip. Holding different tokens at the same provider can still leave one shared dependency.
Additional observed evidence meeting a stated criterion for an interpretation or action. It does not eliminate uncertainty.
Example: A learner waits for one completed close rather than counting a brief intrabar touch.
Keep in mind: Evidence fitting an idea is not proof that the idea or later trade will succeed.
Searching for, preferring and remembering information that supports what you already believe, while giving less weight to information that contradicts it.
Example: You want a used car to be a bargain, so you read only its good reviews. A careful token review also records evidence that could contradict your initial opinion.
A tendency to favour information that supports an existing view while neglecting conflicting evidence. In a review, investigate specific observable choices.
Example: Someone keeps only the winning screenshots that support a method they already like.
Keep in mind: A label does not diagnose a person or repair the record; preserve the omitted cases and apply the same selection rule.
The wait for the observations required to confirm a classification or condition under a stated rule.
Example: A local peak requiring two later observations cannot be confirmed before those observations arrive.
Keep in mind: Marking the peak at its earlier date must not imply it was knowable at that earlier time.
A provider’s summary of collected estimates, such as a survey median or average, for a specified release.
Example: Three invented forecasts of 2%, 3% and 4% have a median of 3%.
Keep in mind: This is not every market participant’s belief or a direct measurement of all expectations embedded in prices.
The rules and incentives that let a network of independent computers agree on which blocks are valid and in what order, even when some participants are faulty or dishonest.
Example: A club agrees how members will accept new entries in its shared record. A blockchain has technical rules for agreement; those rules do not automatically prove that an asset is valuable.
Movement contained within chosen approximate boundaries without sustained progression under a stated trend rule and observation period.
Example: A fictional record repeatedly moves between defined boundaries at 10 and 12.
Keep in mind: Record when the boundaries became available; drawing them after a later break introduces hindsight.
A contract whose result depends on the price difference between opening and closing, under its terms, rather than ownership of the underlying asset.
Example: A currency CFD can change your account result without delivering travel money you can spend abroad.
Keep in mind: The pair symbol alone does not identify the product or its protections.
A number from −1 to +1 that summarises how closely two price series moved together over a stated past period. Near +1 means they tended to move the same way; near 0 means little straight-line relationship. It describes the sample, not the future.
Example: An Australian learner compares weekly changes in two assets in AUD. They moved together in one sample, but a different period or currency can give a different result.
Keep in mind: The minus one to plus one description refers to a defined correlation coefficient, commonly Pearson correlation. Name the data and period.
A statistical description of a relationship between named data series over a stated sample. The course uses Pearson correlation for linear relationships.
Example: Two household measurements may often rise together during one recorded period; that does not prove one causes the other.
Keep in mind: A sample coefficient is not a permanent law or a guaranteed reduction in combined cash losses.
A number describing a specified correlation measure over aligned observations. Pearson’s coefficient lies between −1 and +1 when both series have nonzero variation.
Example: Invented varying observations 1, 2, 3 and 2, 4, 6 have a perfect positive linear sample relationship.
Keep in mind: A zero coefficient does not prove independence, and a coefficient is not a fixed cash-risk discount.
What you paid to acquire an asset, usually including the fees of buying it, recorded in your home currency. It is the starting point for working out a gain or loss when you later sell or swap.
Example: A Canadian learner records CAD 100 paid for an asset and CAD 2 in acquisition fees. The record supports later calculations, but the permitted tax treatment depends on the applicable rules.
Keep in mind: Tax calculations can use jurisdiction specific valuation, fee and disposal rules. Retain dates, quantities and records.
The other party to a transaction or contract. For a Forex product, the agreement identifies which company owes you the contractual obligations.
Example: A buyer and a furniture shop are on opposite sides of their sale; a trading contract also has identifiable parties.
Keep in mind: The app name and the contracting legal company need not be the same.
The risk that the person or company you rely on, such as an exchange holding your crypto, cannot or will not do what it promised.
Example: You pay for furniture before delivery. If the seller cannot supply it or refund you, its failure creates a loss even if the furniture's market price has not changed.
A measured or proposed relationship between different kinds of assets, with the variables, period and explanation made explicit.
Example: A learner compares aligned currency and bond-return observations rather than assuming a chart resemblance is a permanent rule.
Keep in mind: An association need not be causal or stable, and instrument and quote-direction choices matter.
A system that carries instructions or data, not only tokens, from a smart contract on one blockchain to a smart contract on another.
Example: A shop's ordering system sends instructions to a separate warehouse system. Blockchain messaging similarly carries data between systems and depends on how the message is checked.
An exchange rate between two currencies derived using compatible quotes involving a third currency.
Example: At invented rates of 1 EUR = 1.20 USD and 1 USD = 100 JPY, the derived rate is 1 EUR = 120 JPY.
Keep in mind: A derived teaching rate is not necessarily an executable offer after spreads and costs.
An asset recorded and transferred using a blockchain or a related distributed ledger. It may be a network's native coin or a token whose rules are implemented by a contract. Different assets can have very different issuers, administrators, rights and risks.
Example: A learner compares a native coin, a governance token and a token linked to a bond. Their common crypto label does not mean they grant the same ownership rights or face the same risks.
An application or device used to view balances and manage interactions with blockchain accounts. A signing wallet uses private keys; a watch only wallet uses public information, while a custodial service controls keys for its customers.
Example: A banking app displays money rather than physically containing it. A wallet similarly reads blockchain records; control depends on the keys and account rules, not the displayed balance alone.
An additional fee or rate markup for changing a money amount from one currency into another.
Example: A hypothetical 10 USD result converts to 8 GBP at 0.80 GBP per USD before any conversion charge.
Keep in mind: The conversion amount and the extra charge are separate; keep the direction and units clear.
Changing an amount of one currency into another, usually to make a payment, travel or meet another practical need.
Example: A traveller changes some of their home currency into the currency needed for a bus fare abroad.
Keep in mind: A practical conversion does not necessarily mean someone is speculating.
The account’s involvement in currency directions and amounts, including positions or obligations converted under stated assumptions.
Example: Buying EUR/USD involves buying EUR and selling USD; a second different pair may add another USD direction.
Keep in mind: List both currency legs, size and product terms rather than relying only on pair names.
Two currencies written together, such as EUR/USD or USD/JPY. The first is the base currency; the second is the quote currency.
Example: EUR/USD places EUR first and USD second, like a clearly labelled two-unit comparison.
Keep in mind: Reversing the pair changes how its number is read.
An agreement to exchange payment streams in different currencies, often including principal and interest. An FX swap instead combines a currency exchange with an agreed reverse exchange at a later date.
Example: A business with USD borrowing and EUR revenue agrees to exchange payment streams under a currency swap. A simpler exchange today with a reverse exchange later illustrates an FX swap instead.
Keep in mind: FX swaps, longer-term currency swaps and retail overnight swap charges should not be treated as identical terms.
Choosing a method so closely around historical quirks that attractive apparent results may not carry to new observations; often called overfitting.
Example: A learner adds exception after exception until every awkward historical case is excluded.
Keep in mind: Revisions can be useful development, but preserve versions, all tried choices and genuinely separate evaluation data.